Installation¶
General¶
You must first have installed Python and PostgreSQL on your system.
If you want to access remote database only, you don’t need to install
the full PostgreSQL server, but only the C interface (libpq). If you
are on Windows, make sure that the directory with libpq.dll is in your
PATH
environment variable.
The current version of PyGreSQL has been tested with Python 2.7 and PostGreSQL 9.2. Older version should work as well, but you will need at least Python 2.5 and PostgreSQL 8.3.
PyGreSQL will be installed as three modules, a dynamic module called _pg.pyd, and two pure Python wrapper modules called pg.py and pgdb.py. All three files will be installed directly into the Python site-packages directory. To uninstall PyGreSQL, simply remove these three files again.
Installing from a Binary Distribution¶
This is the easiest way to install PyGreSQL.
You can currently download PyGreSQL as Linux RPM, NetBSD package and Windows installer. Make sure the required Python version of the binary package matches the Python version you have installed.
Install the package as usual on your system.
Note that the documentation is currently only included in the source package.
Installing from Source¶
If you want to install PyGreSQL from Source, or there is no binary package available for your platform, follow these instructions.
Make sure the Python header files and PostgreSQL client and server header files are installed. These come usually with the “devel” packages on Unix systems and the installer executables on Windows systems.
If you are using a precompiled PostgreSQL, you will also need the pg_config tool. This is usually also part of the “devel” package on Unix, and will be installed as part of the database server feature on Windows systems.
Building and installing with Distutils¶
You can build and install PyGreSQL using Distutils.
Download and unpack the PyGreSQL source tarball if you haven’t already done so.
Type the following commands to build and install PyGreSQL:
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
If you are using MinGW to build PyGreSQL under
Microsoft Windows, please note that Python newer version 2.3 is using msvcr71
instead of msvcrt as its common runtime library. You can allow for that by
editing the file %MinGWpath%/lib/gcc/%MinGWversion%/specs
and changing
the entry that reads -lmsvcrt
to -lmsvcr71
. You may also need to copy
libpq.lib
to libpq.a
in the PostgreSQL lib
directory. Then use
the following command to build and install PyGreSQL:
python setup.py build -c mingw32 install
Now you should be ready to use PyGreSQL.
Compiling Manually¶
The source file for compiling the dynamic module is called pgmodule.c. You have two options. You can compile PyGreSQL as a stand-alone module or you can build it into the Python interpreter.
Stand-Alone¶
In the directory containing
pgmodule.c
, run the following command:cc -fpic -shared -o _pg.so -I$PYINC -I$PGINC -I$PSINC -L$PGLIB -lpq pgmodule.c
where you have to set:
PYINC = path to the Python include files (usually something like /usr/include/python) PGINC = path to the PostgreSQL client include files (something like /usr/include/pgsql or /usr/include/postgresql) PSINC = path to the PostgreSQL server include files (like /usr/include/pgsql/server or /usr/include/postgresql/server) PGLIB = path to the PostgreSQL object code libraries (usually /usr/lib)
If you are not sure about the above paths, try something like:
PYINC=`find /usr -name Python.h` PGINC=`find /usr -name libpq-fe.h` PSINC=`find /usr -name postgres.h` PGLIB=`find /usr -name libpq.so`
If you have the
pg_config
tool installed, you can set:PGINC=`pg_config --includedir` PSINC=`pg_config --includedir-server` PGLIB=`pg_config --libdir`
Some options may be added to this line:
-DNO_DEF_VAR no default variables support -DNO_DIRECT no direct access methods -DNO_LARGE no large object support -DNO_PQSOCKET if running an older PostgreSQL
On some systems you may need to include
-lcrypt
in the list of libraries to make it compile.Test the new module. Something like the following should work:
$ python >>> import _pg >>> db = _pg.connect('thilo','localhost') >>> db.query("INSERT INTO test VALUES ('ping','pong')") 18304 >>> db.query("SELECT * FROM test") eins|zwei ----+---- ping|pong (1 row)
Finally, move the
_pg.so
,pg.py
, andpgdb.py
to a directory in yourPYTHONPATH
. A good place would be/usr/lib/python/site-packages
if your Python modules are in/usr/lib/python
.
Built-in to Python interpreter¶
Find the directory where your
Setup
file lives (usually in theModules
subdirectory) in the Python source hierarchy and copy or symlink thepgmodule.c
file there.Add the following line to your ‘Setup’ file:
_pg pgmodule.c -I$PGINC -I$PSINC -L$PGLIB -lpq
where:
PGINC = path to the PostgreSQL client include files (see above) PSINC = path to the PostgreSQL server include files (see above) PGLIB = path to the PostgreSQL object code libraries (see above)
Some options may be added to this line:
-DNO_DEF_VAR no default variables support -DNO_DIRECT no direct access methods -DNO_LARGE no large object support -DNO_PQSOCKET if running an older PostgreSQL (see above)
On some systems you may need to include
-lcrypt
in the list of libraries to make it compile.If you want a shared module, make sure that the
shared
keyword is uncommented and add the above line below it. You used to need to install your shared modules withmake sharedinstall
but this no longer seems to be true.Copy
pg.py
to the lib directory where the rest of your modules are. For example, that’s/usr/local/lib/Python
on my system.Rebuild Python from the root directory of the Python source hierarchy by running
make -f Makefile.pre.in boot
andmake && make install
.For more details read the documentation at the top of
Makefile.pre.in
.