base-4.3.0.0: Basic libraries

Portabilityportable
Stabilityexperimental
Maintainerlibraries@haskell.org

Control.Arrow

Contents

Description

Basic arrow definitions, based on Generalising Monads to Arrows, by John Hughes, Science of Computer Programming 37, pp67-111, May 2000. plus a couple of definitions (returnA and loop) from A New Notation for Arrows, by Ross Paterson, in ICFP 2001, Firenze, Italy, pp229-240. See these papers for the equations these combinators are expected to satisfy. These papers and more information on arrows can be found at http://www.haskell.org/arrows/.

Synopsis

Arrows

class Category a => Arrow a where

The basic arrow class.

Minimal complete definition: arr and first.

The other combinators have sensible default definitions, which may be overridden for efficiency.

Methods

arr :: (b -> c) -> a b c

Lift a function to an arrow.

first :: a b c -> a (b, d) (c, d)

Send the first component of the input through the argument arrow, and copy the rest unchanged to the output.

second :: a b c -> a (d, b) (d, c)

A mirror image of first.

The default definition may be overridden with a more efficient version if desired.

(***) :: a b c -> a b' c' -> a (b, b') (c, c')

Split the input between the two argument arrows and combine their output. Note that this is in general not a functor.

The default definition may be overridden with a more efficient version if desired.

(&&&) :: a b c -> a b c' -> a b (c, c')

Fanout: send the input to both argument arrows and combine their output.

The default definition may be overridden with a more efficient version if desired.

Instances

Arrow (->) 
Monad m => Arrow (Kleisli m) 

newtype Kleisli m a b

Kleisli arrows of a monad.

Constructors

Kleisli 

Fields

runKleisli :: a -> m b
 

Derived combinators

returnA :: Arrow a => a b b

The identity arrow, which plays the role of return in arrow notation.

(^>>) :: Arrow a => (b -> c) -> a c d -> a b d

Precomposition with a pure function.

(>>^) :: Arrow a => a b c -> (c -> d) -> a b d

Postcomposition with a pure function.

Right-to-left variants

(<<^) :: Arrow a => a c d -> (b -> c) -> a b d

Precomposition with a pure function (right-to-left variant).

(^<<) :: Arrow a => (c -> d) -> a b c -> a b d

Postcomposition with a pure function (right-to-left variant).

Monoid operations

class Arrow a => ArrowZero a where

Methods

zeroArrow :: a b c

Instances

class ArrowZero a => ArrowPlus a where

Methods

(<+>) :: a b c -> a b c -> a b c

Instances

Conditionals

class Arrow a => ArrowChoice a where

Choice, for arrows that support it. This class underlies the if and case constructs in arrow notation. Any instance must define left. The other combinators have sensible default definitions, which may be overridden for efficiency.

Methods

left :: a b c -> a (Either b d) (Either c d)

Feed marked inputs through the argument arrow, passing the rest through unchanged to the output.

right :: a b c -> a (Either d b) (Either d c)

A mirror image of left.

The default definition may be overridden with a more efficient version if desired.

(+++) :: a b c -> a b' c' -> a (Either b b') (Either c c')

Split the input between the two argument arrows, retagging and merging their outputs. Note that this is in general not a functor.

The default definition may be overridden with a more efficient version if desired.

(|||) :: a b d -> a c d -> a (Either b c) d

Fanin: Split the input between the two argument arrows and merge their outputs.

The default definition may be overridden with a more efficient version if desired.

Instances

Arrow application

class Arrow a => ArrowApply a where

Some arrows allow application of arrow inputs to other inputs.

Methods

app :: a (a b c, b) c

Instances

newtype ArrowApply a => ArrowMonad a b

The ArrowApply class is equivalent to Monad: any monad gives rise to a Kleisli arrow, and any instance of ArrowApply defines a monad.

Constructors

ArrowMonad (a () b) 

Instances

leftApp :: ArrowApply a => a b c -> a (Either b d) (Either c d)

Any instance of ArrowApply can be made into an instance of ArrowChoice by defining left = leftApp.

Feedback

class Arrow a => ArrowLoop a where

The loop operator expresses computations in which an output value is fed back as input, even though the computation occurs only once. It underlies the rec value recursion construct in arrow notation.

Methods

loop :: a (b, d) (c, d) -> a b c

Instances

(>>>) :: Category cat => cat a b -> cat b c -> cat a c

Left-to-right composition

(<<<) :: Category cat => cat b c -> cat a b -> cat a c

Right-to-left composition