ASC() | Convert a character to its ASCII value |
CHR() | Convert an ASCII code to a character value |
FKLABEL() | Return function key name |
FKMAX() | Return number of function keys as a constant |
FT_MBUTPRS() | Retrieve button press status |
FT_MBUTREL() | Get mouse button release information |
FT_MCONOFF() | Turn mouse cursur off if in specified region |
FT_MCURSOR() | Set the mouse cursor |
FT_MDBLCLK() | Return true if a double click was detected |
FT_MDEFCRS() | Define the mouse cursor |
FT_MGETCOORD() | Get mouse cursor position (text coord.) and button status |
FT_MGETPAGE() | Get the display page for the mouse pointer |
FT_MGETPOS() | Get mouse cursor position and button status |
FT_MGETSENS() | Get the mouse sensitivity parameters |
FT_MGETX() | Get mouse cursor row position |
FT_MGETY() | Get mouse cursor column position |
FT_MHIDECRS() | Decrement internal mouse cursor flag and hide mouse cursor |
FT_MINIT() | Initialize the mouse driver, vars and return status of mouse |
FT_MINREGION() | Test if the mouse cursor is in the passed region |
FT_MMICKEYS() | Get mickeys |
FT_MRESET() | Reset mouse driver and return status of mouse |
FT_MSETCOORD() | Position the mouse cursor using text screen coordinates |
FT_MSETPAGE() | Set the display page for the mouse pointer |
FT_MSETPOS() | Position the mouse cursor using virtual screen coordinates |
FT_MSETSENS() | Set the mouse sensitivity parameters |
FT_MSHOWCRS() | Increment internal cursor flag and display mouse cursor |
FT_MVERSION() | Get the mouse driver version |
FT_MXLIMIT() | Set vertical bounds of mouse using virtual screen coord. |
FT_MYLIMIT() | Set horiz. bounds of mouse using virtual screen coordinates |
FT_SCANCODE() | Wait for keypress and return keyboard scan code |
INKEY() | Extract a character from the keyboard buffer or a mouse event |
LASTKEY() | Return the INKEY() value of the last key extracted from the keyboard buffer |
MCOL() | Determine the mouse cursor's screen column position |
MDBLCLK() | Determine the double-click speed threshold of the mouse |
MHIDE() | Hide the mouse pointer |
MLEFTDOWN() | Determine the press status of the left mouse button |
MPRESENT() | Determine if a mouse is present |
MRESTSTATE() | Re-establish the previous state of a mouse |
MRIGHTDOWN() | Determine the status of the right mouse button |
MROW() | Determine a mouse cursor's screen row position |
MSAVESTATE() | Save the current state of a mouse |
MSETBOUNDS() | Set screen boundaries for the mouse cursor |
MSETCLIP() | Define an inclusion region |
MSETCURSOR() | Determine a mouse's visibility |
MSETPOS() | Set a new position for the mouse cursor |
MSHOW() | Display the mouse pointer |
MSTATE() | Return the current mouse state |
NEXTKEY() | Read the pending key in the keyboard buffer |
SETKEY() | Assign an action block to a key |
FKLABEL(<nFunctionKey>) --> cKeyLabel
No arguments
FKLABEL() returns a character string representing the name of the function key specified by the numeric argument, <nFunctionKey>. If this argument is less than one or greater than 40, the function returns a null ("") string.
FKLABEL() is a compatibility function used to replicate the FKLABEL() function in dBASE III PLUS. As a general principle, the use of this function is not recommended and not needed in xClipper. The function keys are labeled Fn, where n ranges from one to 40 and corresponds directly to the FKLABEL() argument.
FKMAX() --> nFunctionKeys
No arguments
Returns NIL.
FKMAX() is a compatibility function used to replicate the FKMAX() function in dBASE III PLUS. As a general principle, the use of this function is not recommended and not needed in xClipper. It simply returns a constant value of 40.
FT_MBUTPRS( <nButton> [, @nButPrs [, @nX [, @nY] ] ] ) -> nButStatus
<nButton> | is the mouse button number: |
0 - Left Button | |
1 - Right Button | |
2 - Middle Button [if applicable] | |
<nButPrs> | is the number of times the specified button was pressed |
since the last call to this routine. PASSED BY REFERENCE. | |
<nX> | is the X position of the cursor when the last press occurred. |
PASSED BY REFERENCE. | |
<nY> | is the Y position of the cursor when the last press occurred. |
PASSED BY REFERENCE. | |
An integer representing the button status:
0 - no buttons pressed 1 - left button pressed 2 - right button pressed 3 - left and right pressed 4 - middle pressed 5 - left and middle pressed 6 - middle and right buttons pressed 7 - all 3 buttons pressed
Retrieves the mouse button status and the position of the cursor when a button was last pressed.
IF Empty( FT_MBUTPRS(1) ) ? "No Item selected" ENDIF
FT_MBUTREL( nButton [, @nButRel [, @nX [, @nY] ] ]) -> nBStat
<nButton> | is the mouse button number |
0 - Left Button | |
1 - Right Button | |
2 - Middle Button [if applicable] | |
<nButRel> | is the number of times the specified button was released |
since the last call to this routine. PASSED BY REFERENCE. | |
<nX> | is the X position of the cursor when the last release occurred. |
PASSED BY REFERENCE. | |
<nY> | is the Y position of the cursor when the last release occurred. |
PASSED BY REFERENCE. |
<nBStat> - an integer representing button release status 0 - None 1 - Left 2 - Right 3 - Middle
This function returns the release status of the mouse buttons and the coordinates of the last release.
IF( FT_MBUTREL( 0 ) == 1 ) ? "Left button released" ENDIF
FT_MCONOFF( <nTop>, <nLeft>, <nBottom>, <nRight> )
This function tells the mouse driver to hide the cursor if it is in the given region. The driver hides the cursor by decrementing the cursor flag. A call to FT_MSHOWCRS is required to turn the cursor back on. Calling FT_MSHOWCRS also disables this function.
See FT_MSHOWCRS for a discussion of the cursor display flag.
FT_MCONOFF( 10, 10, 11, 20 )
FT_MCURSOR( [ <lState> ] ) -> lCursorState
A logical indicating the previous mouse cursor state.
This function works like most Clipper state functions. If no value is sent to FT_MCURSOR() it will return the state of the mouse cursor.
IF !( FT_MCURSOR() ) FT_MCURSOR( .T. ) ENDIF
FT_MDBLCLK( [ <nClick> [, <nButton> [, <nInterval> [, <nRow> [, <nCol>; [, <nTime> ] ] ] ] ] ] ) -> lIsDoubleClk
<nClick> | is a numeric value. If it is zero FT_MDBLCLK() will not |
check for the first press but rather will simply wait the | |
specified period for a single press. This is useful if this | |
routine is called from one which in turn responded to a button | |
press. If it is not present or not equal to 0, then FT_MDBLCLK() | |
will wait for two presses of the specified button. | |
<nButton> | is the mouse button number |
0 - Left Button | |
1 - Right Button | |
2 - Middle Button [if applicable] | |
<nInterval> | is the interval to wait for the first click if requested |
and the time to wait for the second. If not present then defaults | |
to 0.5 second. | |
<nRow> | is the row number for the mouse cursor location for a double click |
to be valid. If not present then the current position is taken as | |
the valid location. | |
<nCol> | is the column number for the mouse cursor location for a double |
click to be valid. If not present, then the current position is | |
taken as the valid location. | |
<nTime> | is an optional start time for the waiting period for the first |
click (of either one or two requested). If not given then the | |
time is set at entry into this routine. This is useful when this | |
routine is called from another routine which was called in | |
response to a mouse click but needs to know if a double click | |
has occurred |
.T. if a double click was detected.
This is a mouse meta function that checks for the presence of a double click.
IF FT_MISREGION( 10, 10, 11, 20 ) .AND.; FT_MDBLCLK(0,1,,FT_MGETX(),FT_MGETY()) && double click, right button && at current location with && default interval MnuItem1() ENDIF
FT_MDEFCRS( <nCrsType>, <nScrMask>, <nCrsMask> ) -> NIL
<nCrsType> | is the cursor type. A value of 0 indicates the software cursor |
(the default) and a value of 1 indicates the hardware cursor. | |
<nScrMask> | is the screen mask for the software cursor or the first scan |
line of the hardware cursor. See the description for more | |
information. | |
<nCrsMask> | is the cursor mask for the software cursor of the last scan |
line of the hardware cursor. See the description for more | |
information. |
In text mode the mouse cursor can either be a software generated or the actual hardware cursor. This routine allows one choose between them. The software cursor is the default and its effect on the character it covers is determined by the screen mask and the cursor mask. Both of these masks are 16 bit values (which in Clipper are passed as standard numerical values). The 16 bit masks are arranged in a manner identical to the way information is stored for each character cell on the screen. The low order 8 bits represent the actual character displayed while the high order bits represent the display atributes such as blinking, intensity and forground and background colors. The mask is represented in the diagram below:
Bit: |15 |14 12|11 |10 8|7 0| Function:|blink |background|intensity|foreground|character|
Blinking and high intensity are on when the bit is 1. The background and foreground indicate which colors are used for each. The software mouse cursor uses these two values by taking the mask from the screen cell it is on and performing a logical AND on each bit with the screen mask value. The result is then logically XOR'ed with the cursor mask value. Thus to keep the character the same but invert the foreground and background colors the following values would be used:
Bit: |15 |14 12|11 |10 8|7 0| Function:|blink |background|intensity|foreground|character| screen: | 0 | 111 | 0 | 111 |11111111 | =30719 cursor: | 0 | 111 | 0 | 111 |00000000 | =30464
The hardware cursor is the text cursor provided by the video board. One specifies the range of scan lines which are on using <nScrMask> and <nCrsMask>. The range of values is dependant upon the type of monitor. The first scan line is 0.
FT_MGETPOS( @<nX>, @<nY> ) -> nButtonStatus
an integer representing button status
- 0 for no button pressed - 1 for left pressed - 2 for right pressed - 3 for left and right pressed - 4 for middle pressed - 5 for left and middle pressed - 6 for right and middle pressed - 7 for all three buttons pressed
Loads cursor position into x and y coordinates passed by reference and returns the button status.
LOCAL nX, nY LOCAL nButton := FT_MGETCOORD( @nX, @nY ) ? "Mouse Row :", nX ? "Mouse Column :", nY ? "Button Status:", nButton
FT_MGETPAGE() -> <nPage>
No arguments
<nPage> is the display page on which the mouse is currently being displayed
This function gets the display page for the mouse cursor. The valid values of nPage is dependent upon the display mode. See FT_SETVPG() for changing the current video page
nPage = FT_MGETPAGE( ) // Gets the mouse cursor display page
FT_MGETPOS( @<nX>, @<nY> ) -> nButtonStatus
an integer representing button status
- 0 for no button pressed - 1 for left pressed - 2 for right pressed - 3 for left and right pressed - 4 for middle pressed - 5 for left and middle pressed - 6 for right and middle pressed - 7 for all three buttons pressed
Loads cursor position into x and y coordinates passed by reference and returns the button status. The coordinate system in text mode has eight virtual coordinates per character cell. Thus x=16 means that you are in the Row 2. The values returned by this routine when in text mode and with mouse driver versions 6 and above are multiples of 8. We have experience with drivers prior to that version
LOCAL nX, nY LOCAL nButton := FT_MGETPOS( @nX, @nY ) ? "Mouse Row :", nX ? "Mouse Column :", nY ? "Button Status:", nButton
FT_MGETSENS( <@nHoriz>, <@nVert>, <@nDouble> ) -> NIL
This function returns the current values of the mouse movement sensitivity parameters. The first two arguments control the amount of movement necessary to move the cursor a given amount. The third argument determines the threshold above which the mouse moves at twice the normal speed. For further discussion of these values see FT_MSETSENS()
FT_MGETSENS( @nHoriz, @nVert, @nDouble )
FT_MGETX() -> nRowPos
No arguments
<nRowPos> which is the row position of mouse in virtual screen coordinates.
Retrieves mouse's row position in virtual screen coordinates. The values returned are multiples of 8 when in text mode and with at least Microsoft drivers 6 and above.
? FT_MGETX()
FT_MGETY() -> nColPos
No arguments
<nColPos> Column position of mouse in virtual screen coordinates
Retrieves mouse's column position in virtual screen coordinates. The values returned are multiples of 8 when in text mode and with at least Microsoft drivers 6 and above.
? FT_MGETY()
FT_MHIDECRS() -> NIL
No arguments
Hides the mouse cursor. Make sure to turn the mouse cursor off when redrawing screens. The mouse cursor dutifully saves the screen under it, so if you draw over the mouse cursor it will create a "hole" in your screen when you move the mouse cursor.
Note: A call to FT_MHIDECRS() decrements a mouse driver variable which indicates whether the cursor is shown. The cursor is visible only when the variable = 0. Thus multiple calls to FT_MHIDECRS() require an equal number of calls to FT_MSHOWCRS() before the cursor will again be visible. Once the variable is 0 calls to FT_MSHOWCRS() does not increment the varaible above 0.
FT_MHIDECRS() @ 10, 10 to 20, 20 FT_MSHOWCRS()
FT_MINIT() -> lMouseStatus
No arguments
An logical representing the mouse status (.F. == mouse not installed)
Initializes the mouse drive, associated variables and returns mouse status. It checks to see if the mouse has been previously initialized and if so it does not reinitialize. The row and column limits of mouse movement is set to the maximum for the current video mode. Use FT_MSHOWCRS() to display the mouse cursor.
IF .NOT. FT_MINIT() ? "No mouse driver is installed" ENDIF
FT_MINREGION( <nT>, <nL>, <nB>, <nR> ) -> lInRegion
.T. if mouse is in specified region.
This function will check to see if the mouse cursor is within the confines of the specified region.
IF FT_MINREGION( 10, 10, 11, 20 ) nChoice := 1 ENDIF
FT_MMICKEYS( @<nX>, @<nY> ) -> NIL
<nX> and <nY> must be passed by reference to receive the mouse position in Mickeys.
FT_MMICKEYS( @nX, @nY ) ? nX ? nY
FT_MRESET() -> nMouseStatus
No arguments
An integer representing the mouse status (0 == mouse not installed)
Resets the mouse driver and returns mouse status. Use FT_MSHOWCRS() to display the mouse cursor. The mouse is set to allow it to cover the complete screen (as defined by MAXCOL() and MAXROW()). This is necessary because at least some versions of the mouse drivers do not operate according to the documentation when confronted with a 43 or 50 line screen.
Normally, FT_MINIT() should be used to initialize the mouse since it will not reinitialize if already done.
IF Empty( FT_MRESET() ) ? "No mouse driver is installed" ENDIF
FT_MSETPOS( <nX>, <nY> ) -> NIL
Positions mouse cursor on screen using text (normal row and column) coordinates.
FT_MSETCOORD( 10, 20 ) // position mouse cursor at row 10, col 20 // in text screen coordinates
FT_MSETPAGE( <@nPage> ) -> NIL
This function sets the display page for the mouse cursor. The valid values of nPage is dependent upon the display mode. See FT_SETVPG() for changing the current video page
FT_MSETPAGE( 1 ) // Sets the mouse cursor to page 1
FT_MSETPOS( <nX>, <nY> ) -> NIL
Positions mouse cursor on screen. The virtual coordinate system in text mode has eight virtual coordinates per character cell. Thus x=16 means that you are in the Row 2.
FT_MSETPOS( 10, 20 ) // position mouse cursor at row 10, col 20 // in virtual screen coordinates
FT_MSETSENS( <nHoriz>, <nVert>, <nDouble> ) -> NIL
<nHoriz> | is the sensitivity of the mouse on the horizontal axis. This |
value is the integer percentage of highest sensitivity and | |
thus has a range of 1 to 100. The default value is 50 and at | |
this setting about 3.2 inches of mouse movement will move | |
the mouse cursor across the screen. If NIL, the current | |
value is used. | |
<nVert> | is the relative sensitivity of the mouse on the vertical axis. |
The value is an integer percentage of the highest sensitivity | |
and thus has a range of 1 to 100. The default value is 50 and | |
requires about 2 inches of mouse movement will move from top | |
to bottom of the screen.If NIL, the current value is used. | |
<nDouble> | is the relative sensitivity of the mouse to doubling the ratio |
of cursor movement to mouse movement. The default | |
value is 50. If NIL, the current value is used. |
This function allows one to control the mouse movement sensitivity. The first two arguments control the amount of movement necessary to move the cursor a given amount. The values are the percentage of full sensitivity and the default values after installing the mouse driver is 50 which represents approximately 3.2 inches of horizontal and 2 inches of vertical mouse movement to cover the entire screen. A value of 100 requires about 0.9 inches of horizontal mouse movement to cover the screen from one side to the other.
The third argument changes the threshold above which the mouse moves at twice the normal speed. The value is a percentage of full sensitivity with the default (50) providing doubling at 64 mickeys per second.
NOTE: These values are NOT restored after resetting the mouse driver/ hardware. A well behaved application should reset them to the original value upon exiting.
NOTE: The above description is counter to all of the documentation I have available. However, it does not work the way it is documented with Microsoft drivers versions 6.16, 6.24, 7.04 and 8.20. The above movement values are documented to be the number of mickeys per 8 pixels and the double speed value as the number mickeys per second required to double the speed. Each of these values should range from 1 to 32K but the driver forces a maximum of 100. Also the documentation states that resetting the mouse will reset these values. This is not the case.
FT_MSETSENS( 75,75,50 ) // a little less mouse movement necessary.
FT_MSHOWCRS() -> NIL
No arguments
Displays the mouse cursor. Make sure to turn the mouse cursor off when redrawing screens. The mouse cursor dutifully saves the screen under it, so if you draw over the mouse cursor it will create a "hole" in your screen when you move the mouse cursor.
Note: A call to FT_MHIDECRS() decrements a mouse driver variable which indicates whether the cursor is shown. The cursor is visible only when the variable = 0. Thus multiple calls to FT_MHIDECRS() require an equal number of calls to FT_MSHOWCRS() before the cursor will again be visible. Once the variable is 0 calls to FT_MSHOWCRS() does not increment the variable above 0.
IF Empty( FT_MRESET() ) FT_MSHOWCRS() ENDIF
FT_MVERSION( <@nMinor>, <@nType>, <@nIRQ> ) -> <nMajor>
<nMajor> which is the major version number of the mouse driver.
This function returns the current values of the mouse driver version number and type. The major version would be 6 and the minor version would be 10 if the driver were version 6.10. The mouse type and IRQ numbers are also returned.
NOTE: It appears that the values reported when one starts the mouse driver actually have the minor version in hexadecimal! Thus on bootup my screen showed 6.24 but this routine returned 30 for the minor version number!
nMajor=FT_MVERSION( @nMinor ) IF (nMajor+nMinor/100)<7.2 ? "Sorry mouse driver version too old" RETURN ENDIF
FT_MXLIMIT( <nX1>, <nX2> ) -> NIL
Set maximum vertical bounds of mouse using virtual screen coordinates.
FT_MXLIMIT( 10, 20 )
FT_MYLIMIT( <nY1>, <nY2> ) -> NIL
Set maximum horizontal bounds of mouse using virtual screen coordinates.
FT_MYLIMIT( 10, 20 )
FT_SCANCODE() -> cCode
No arguments
A two-character string, corresponding to the keyboard scan code.
FT_SCANCODE() enables you to distinguish the different scancodes of similar keys (such as Grey minus versus regular minus), thus increasing the number of keys your input routine can recognize.
It works like INKEY(), in that it waits for a key to be pressed. The scan code consists of two bytes, which are returned as a two-character string.
For example, calling FT_SCANCODE() and pressing the Grey-minus key will return a two character string:
CHR(45) + CHR(74)
LASTKEY() is not updated by FT_SCANCODE(), so don't try to test LASTKEY() to see what was pressed during an FT_SCANCODE() call. Simply assign the return value to a variable and test that (see the test driver below).
* This was adapted from a short C routine posted by John Kaster on NANFORUM. It was written in Clipper to help demonstrate the FT_INT86 function of the Nanforum Toolkit.
This program requires FT_INT86().
cKey := FT_SCANCODE() [grey-] returns: CHR(45) + CHR(74) [-] returns: CHR(45) + CHR(12) [grey+] returns: CHR(43) + CHR(78) [+] returns: CHR(43) + CHR(13)
INKEY([<nSeconds>] [,<nEventMask>]) --> nInkeyCode
<nSeconds> | specifies the number of seconds INKEY() waits for a |
keypress or mouse event. You can specify the value in increments as | |
small as one-tenth of a second. Specifying zero halts the program until | |
a key is pressed or an unmasked event occurs. If <nSeconds> is omitted, | |
INKEY() does not wait for a keypress or mouse event. | |
<nEventMask> | specifies which events should be returned. If |
<nEventMask> | is omitted, the value represented by the |
SET EVENTMASK command will be used. If there is no | |
SET EVENTMASK command issued, the default value that will be used is 128 | |
(keyboard events only). | |
This parameter can be any combination of the following values. The | |
constant values listed below are defined in Inkey.ch. | |
Inkey Constants | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
Constant Value Descripiton | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
INKEY_MOVE 1 Mouse Events | |
INKEY_LDOWN 2 Mouse Left Click Down | |
INKEY_LUP 4 Mouse Left Click Up | |
INKEY_RDOWN 8 Mouse Right Click Down | |
INKEY_RUP 16 Mouse Right Click Up | |
INKEY_KEYBOARD 128 Keyboard Events | |
INKEY_ALL 159 All Mouse and Keyboard Events | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
INKEY() returns an integer value from -39 to 386 for keyboard events and integer values from 1001 to 1007 for mouse events. This value identifies either the key extracted from the keyboard buffer or the mouse event that last occurred. If the keyboard buffer is empty, and no mouse events are taking place, INKEY() returns 0. INKEY() returns values for all ASCII characters, function, Alt+Function, Ctrl+Function, Alt+Letter, and Ctrl+Letter key combinations.
INKEY() is a keyboard function that extracts the next key pending in the keyboard buffer or the next mouse event and returns a value representing the appropriate event. The value is also saved internally and can be accessed using LASTKEY(). If the <nSeconds> argument is specified and there are no pending keys in the buffer, program execution pauses until a key appears in the keyboard buffer, or an appropriate mouse event occurs, or <nSeconds> has elapsed. The time INKEY() waits is based on the operating system clock and is not related to the microprocessor speed. If <nSeconds> is zero, program execution pauses until a key is pressed or an unmasked mouse event occurs. Note that INKEY() is not a wait state and, therefore, SET KEYs are not active.
INKEY() is similar to the NEXTKEY() function. Unlike INKEY(), however, NEXTKEY() reads, but does not extract the key or mouse event. This is useful when you need to test for a key or mouse event without processing it.
INKEY() is the basic primitive of the xClipper system for fetching keys and mouse events. It is used for polling the keyboard, polling the mouse, or pausing program execution. As an example, you can use INKEY() to terminate commands with a record scope such as LIST, LABEL FORM, and REPORT FORM by including it in a WHILE condition.
LASTKEY() --> nInkeyCode
No arguments
LASTKEY() returns an integer value from -39 to 386 for keyboard events and integer values from 1001 to 1007 for mouse events. This value identifies either the key extracted from the keyboard buffer or the mouse event that last occurred. If the keyboard buffer is empty, and no mouse events are taking place, LASTKEY() returns 0. LASTKEY() returns values for all ASCII characters, function, Alt+Function, Alt+Letter, and Ctrl+Letter key combinations.
LASTKEY() is a function that reports the INKEY() value of the last key fetched from the keyboard buffer by the INKEY() function, or the next mouse event, or a wait state such as ACCEPT, INPUT, READ, WAIT, ACHOICE(), DBEDIT(), or MEMOEDIT(). The time LASTKEY() waits is based on the operating system clock and is not related to the microprocessor speed. LASTKEY() retains its current value until another key is fetched from the keyboard buffer.
LASTKEY() has a number of uses which include:
Determining the key that terminates a READ
Determining the key that exits the current Get object within a user-defined function, invoked by a VALID clause
Identifying an exception key in the user function of ACHOICE(), DBEDIT(), or MEMOEDIT()
LASTKEY() is also used with UPDATED() to determine if any Get object's buffer was changed during a READ.
LASTKEY() is related to NEXTKEY() and READKEY(). NEXTKEY() reads the current key pending in the keyboard buffer without removing it. Use NEXTKEY() instead of INKEY() when polling for a key.
For a complete list of INKEY() codes and Inkey.ch constants for each key, refer to the Error Messages and Appendices Guide.
This example illustrates a typical application of LASTKEY() to test the key that exits a READ. If the user exits with any key other than Esc and a GET was changed, the specified database file is updated: #include "Inkey.ch" // USE Customer NEW MEMVAR->balance = Customer->Balance @ 10, 10 SAY "Current Balance" GET MEMVAR->balance READ // IF (LASTKEY() != K_ESC) .AND. UPDATED() REPLACE Customer->Balance WITH MEMVAR->balance ENDIF
MCOL() --> nCurrentMouseColumn
No arguments
MCOL() returns the mouse cursor's current screen column position.
MDBLCLK([<nNewSpeed>]) --> nSpeed
MDBLCLK() returns the current double-click speed threshold.
MHIDE() --> NIL
No arguments
MHIDE() always returns NIL.
MHIDE() hides the mouse pointer. This function should be used together with MSHOW() when updating the screen. It is important to hide the mouse pointer before changing the screen display and then show it again after the change.
Note: The MSETCURSOR() function should be used in place of MSHOW() and MHIDE(). It is kept here for compatibility.
This example uses the mouse pointer: MHIDE() @ 10, 20 say "Hi there, folks!!!" MSHOW() You can automate calls to MHIDE()/MSHOW() by modifying parts of your header files (*.ch). For example: #command @ <row>, <col> SAY <xpr>;[PICTURE <pic>]; [COLOR <color>]; => DEVPOS(<row>, <col>); DEVOUTPict(<xpr>, <pic> [, <color>]) // Can be changed to #command @ <row>, <col> SAY <xpr>; [PICTURE <pic>]; [COLOR <color>]; => MHIDE(); DEVPOS(<row>, <col>); DEVOUTPict(<xpr>, <pic> [, <color>]); MSHOW()
MLEFTDOWN() --> lIsPressed
No arguments
MLEFTDOWN() returns true (.T.) if the left mouse button is currently pressed; otherwise, it returns false (.F.).
MPRESENT() --> lIsPresent
No arguments
MPRESENT() returns true (.T.) if a mouse is present; otherwise, it returns false (.F.).
MRESTSTATE( <cSaveState> ) --> NIL
No arguments
MRESTSTATE() always returns NIL.
MRIGHTDOWN() --> lIsPressed
No arguments
MRIGHTDOWN() returns true (.T.) if the mouse's right button is currently pressed; otherwise, it returns false (.F.) .
MROW() --> nCurrentMouseRow
No arguments
MROW() returns the mouse cursor's current screen row position.
MSAVESTATE() --> cSaveState
No arguments
MSAVESTATE() returns a character string that describes the mouse's current state.
MSETBOUNDS( [<nTop>], [<nLeft>], [<nBottom>], [<nRight>] ) --> NIL
<nTop> | defines the uppermost allowable screen row for the mouse |
cursor or 0 if omitted. This value may range from 0 to the value of | |
<nBottom> | . |
<nLeft> | defines the leftmost allowable screen column for the mouse |
or 0 if omitted. This value may range from 0 to the value of <nRight>. | |
<nBottom> | defines the bottommost screen row for the mouse cursor or |
MaxRow() if omitted. This value may range from the value of <nTop> to | |
MaxRow(). | |
<nRight> | defines the rightmost allowable screen column for the mouse |
or MaxCol() if omitted. This value may range from the value of <nLeft> | |
to MaxCol(). |
MSETBOUNDS() always returns NIL.
MSETCLIP([<nCoord list>], [<nMode>])
<nCoord List> | contains the coordinates of the inclusion region which |
is represented as a comma-separated list of four coordinates whose | |
interpretation differs depending on mode. If <nMode> is LLM_COOR_TEXT, | |
the coordinates look like this: <nTop>, <nLeft>, <nBottom>, <nRight>. | |
If <nMode> is LLM_COOR_GRAPH, the coordinates are <nX1>, <nY1>, <nX2>, | |
<nY2> | . |
<nMode> | is one of the following two constants: |
Coordinate Type Constants ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Constant Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------ LLM_COOR_TEXT Specifies that the coordinates are given in lines and columns of text LLM_COOR_GRAPH Specifies that the coordinates are given in pixels ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
MSETCLIP() returns an array of coordinate information. The coordinates of the inclusion area are given in pixels and then in row/col format:
aRegions := {nIncX1, nIncY1, nIncX2, nIncY2,; nIncR1, nIncC1, nIncR2, nIncC2,; nCoorType}
MSETCLIP() controls mouse pointer movements. It allows you to restrict movement to a region. When an inclusion is defined and the user tries to move the mouse pointer out of the rectangle, it remains stuck at the edge of the area, but is still visible. This mode should be used to restrict the range of user choices for moving or clicking the mouse.
This example shows how the MSETCLIP() function works: // Define an inclusion region and save the current // inclusion region in the array aOldInc aOldInc := MSETCLIP(5, 5, 20, 75,LLM_COOR_TEXT) // Code for selecting objects and buttons // Restore old inclusion region MSETCLIP(aOldInc[5],; aOldInc[6],; aOldInc[7],; aOldInc[8],; LLG_VIDEO_TEXT)
MSETCURSOR( [<lVisible>] ) --> lIsVisible
MSETCURSOR() returns the mouse cursor's previous visibility state if <lVisible> is passed; otherwise, it returns its current visibility state.
MSETPOS( <nRow>, <nCol> ) --> NIL
No arguments
MSETPOS() always returns NIL.
MSHOW([<nCol>, <nRow>, <nStyle>]) --> nOldCursorShape MSHOW([<nCursorShape>]) --> nOldCursorShape MSHOW([<nCursorShape>] | [<nCol>, <nRow>, <nMode>]) --> nOldCursorShape
<nCol> | and <nRow> define mouse pointer coordinates. |
<nStyle> | defines the style of mouse pointer using one of the |
constants listed in the table below: | |
Text and Graph Constants ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Constant Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------ LLM_COOR_TEXT Specifies that the coordinates are passed in rows and columns of text LLM_COOR_GRAPH Specifies that the coordinates are passed in pixels ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
<nCursorShape> | is a numeric value representing the mouse cursor |
shape. The following are the possible values predefined for this | |
parameter: | |
Cursor Shape Constants | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
Constant Description | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
LLM_CURSOR_ARROW Standard pointer | |
LLM_CURSOR_SIZE_NS North South arrow | |
LLM_CURSOR_SIZE_WE West East arrow | |
LLM_CURSOR_SIZE_NW_SE North-West South-East arrow | |
LLM_CURSOR_SIZE_NE_SW North-East South-West arrow | |
LLM_CURSOR_HAND Hand | |
LLM_CURSOR_FINGER Hand with one pointing finger | |
LLM_CURSOR_CROSS Cross | |
LLM_CURSOR_WAIT Hourglass | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
MSHOW() returns the previously used cursor shape. See <nCurorShape> above for further information.
MSHOW() displays the mouse pointer. It is generally used without parameters to simply redisplay the mouse pointer at the position where MHIDE() hid it (assuming the user has not moved the mouse).
It is possible to use two sets of parameters with this function.
Specify the coordinates where the pointer should appear. In this case, three parameters must be passed: the mode and its coordinates. In text mode, coordinates are passed as row and column. In graphic mode, you can pass either text or graphic coordinates. Conversion is done automatically based on the font size of the current characters.
You can also specify the mouse cursor shape to be displayed when the mouse is visible. This feature is available in graphic mode only.
It is important to hide the mouse pointer before any new screen display, and then show it again. See MHIDE() for further information on how to do this.
Note: The MSETCURSOR() function should be used in place of MSHOW() and MHIDE(). It is kept here for compatibility.
The following example hides the mouse pointer before using an @...SAY command and then redisplays it. Next, the mouse pointer is repositioned, hidden, changed to an hour-glass, and then restored to its previous shape: LOCAL nOldShape := 0 MHIDE() @ 10, 20 say "Hello world!!!" MSHOW() // Position the pointer at the center of the screen MSHOW(MAXCOL() / 2, MAXROW() / 2, LLM_COOR_TEXT) MHIDE() @ 10, 20 say "Please wait ..." // Display an hour glass cursor nOldShape := MSHOW(LLM_CURSOR_WAIT) // Your code // Restore previously used cursor MSHOW(nOldShape)
MSTATE() --> aState | 0
No arguments
MSTATE() Return Array ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Position Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------ LLM_STATE_X State of X position. LLM_STATE_Y State of Y position. LLM_STATE_ROW State of column position. LLM_STATE_COL State of line position. LLM_STATE_LEFT State of left mouse button. LLM_BUTTON_DOWN means down and LLM_BUTTON_UP means up. LLM_STATE_RIGHT State of right mouse button. LLM_BUTTON_DOWN means down and LLM_BUTTON_UP means up. LLM_STATE_VISIBLE State of mouse pointer. True (.T) means visible and false (.F) means invisible. (See MSHOW() and MHIDE() for more information.) LLM_STATE_DRIVER Indicates version of mouse driver. LLM_STATE_SHAPE Mouse cursor shape. (See note below.) LLM_STATE_CLICKS_LEFT Number of left clicks since last MSTATE() call. LLM_STATE_CLICKS_RIGHT Number of right clicks since last MSTATE() call. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: The following are the possible values predefined for this return array position: LLM_CURSOR_ARROW, LLM_CURSOR_SIZE_NS, LLM_CURSOR_SIZE_WE, LLM_CURSOR_SIZE_NW_SE, LLM_CURSOR_SIZE_NE_SW, LLM_CURSOR_HAND, LLM_CURSOR_FINGER, LLM_CURSOR_CROSS, LLM_CURSOR_WAIT. For a description of these values see the MSHOW() table of Cursor Shape Constants.
If the mouse is missing, 0 is returned.
The number of clicks (i.e., aState[LLM_STATE_CLICKS_LEFT] and aState[LLM_STATE_CLICKS_RIGHT]) is reset each time MSTATE() is called. Use MSTATE() to reset the mouse settings when needed.
MSTATE() returns information on the mouse state, i.e., the current screen position of the pointer, the state of the left and right mouse buttons, the visibility status of the mouse pointer, and the version of the mouse driver.
This example shows how to use MSTATE() function: // Show the mouse pointer MSHOW() DO WHILE INKEY() != K_ESC // Retrieve mouse state aState := MSTATE() // Line position @ 24, 0 SAY aState[LLM_STATE_ROW] // Column position @ 24, 10 SAY aState[LLM_STATE_COL] // State of left button @ 24, 20 SAY "Left" + If(aState[LLM_STATE_LEFT]==LLM_BUTTON_DOWN,; "Down" ,; "Up") // State of right button @ 24, 40 SAY "Right " + If(aState[LLM_STATE_RIGHT]== ; LLM_BUTTON_DOWN ,; "Down" ,; "Up") ENDDO // Hide the mouse pointer MHIDE()
NEXTKEY() --> nInkeyCode
No arguments
NEXTKEY() returns an integer numeric value ranging from -39 to 386 for keyboard events and integer values from 1001 to 1007 for mouse events. This value identifies either the key extracted from the keyboard buffer or the mouse event that last occurred. If the keyboard buffer is empty and no mouse events are taking place, NEXTKEY() returns zero. If SET TYPEAHEAD is zero, NEXTKEY() always returns zero.
NEXTKEY() is a function that reads the keystroke pending in the keyboard buffer or the next mouse event without removing it. The value returned is the INKEY() code of the key pressed--the same value as returned by INKEY() and LASTKEY(). NEXTKEY() returns values for all ASCII characters as well as function, Alt+function, Ctrl+function, Alt+letter, and Ctrl+letter key combinations.
NEXTKEY() is like the INKEY() function but differs in one fundamental respect. INKEY() removes the pending key from the keyboard buffer and updates LASTKEY() with the value of the key. by contrast NEXTKEY() reads, but does not remove the key from the keyboard buffer, and does not update LASTKEY().
Since NEXTKEY() does not remove the key from the keyboard buffer, it can be used to poll the keyboard, and then pass control to a routine that uses a wait state or INKEY() to actually fetch the key from the buffer.
For a complete list of INKEY() codes and Inkey.ch constants.
This example places an Esc key in the keyboard buffer, and then shows the differences between INKEY(), LASTKEY(), and NEXTKEY(): #include "Inkey.ch" // CLEAR TYPEAHEAD KEYBOARD CHR(K_ESC) // ? NEXTKEY(), LASTKEY() // Result: 27 0 ? INKEY(), LASTKEY() // Result: 27 27 ? NEXTKEY() // Result: 0
SETKEY(<nInkeyCode>, [<bAction>]) --> bCurrentAction
SETKEY() returns the action block currently associated with the specified key, or NIL if the specified key is not currently associated with a block.
SETKEY() is a keyboard function that sets or queries the automatic action associated with a particular key during a wait state. A wait state is any mode that extracts keys from the keyboard except for INKEY(), but including ACHOICE(), DBEDIT(), MEMOEDIT(), ACCEPT, INPUT, READ and WAIT. Up to 32 keys may be assigned at any one time. At startup, the system automatically assigns the F1 key to execute a procedure or user-defined function named Help.
When an assigned key is pressed during a wait state, the EVAL() function evaluates the associated <bAction> and the parameters, PROCNAME(), PROCLINE(), and READVAR(). It is, however, not necessary to list arguments when specifying <bAction> if you do not plan to use them within the action block.
SETKEY() is like the SET KEY command which associates a procedure invocation with a key.
This code fragment associates an action block with a key, and then, after getting a key using INKEY(), executes it with the EVAL() function: #include "Inkey.ch" SETKEY(K_DN, {|cProc, nLine, cVar| MyProc(cProc, ; nLine, cVar)}) . . <statements> . DO WHILE .T. nKey := INKEY(0) DO CASE CASE (bAction := SETKEY(nKey)) != NIL EVAL(bAction, PROCNAME(), PROCLINE(), READVAR()) CASE nKey = K_PGUP Previous() CASE nKey = K_PGDN Next() CASE nKey = K_ESC EXIT ENDCASE ENDDO