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GNU LilyPond-- -- |
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ClustersIn musical terminology, a cluster denotes a range of simultaneously sounding pitches that may change over time. The set of available pitches to apply usually depends on the accoustic source. Thus, in piano music, a cluster typically consists of a continous range of the semitones as provided by the piano's fixed set of a chromatic scale. In choral music, each singer of the choir typically may sing an arbitrary pitch within the cluster's range that is not bound to any diatonic, chromatic or other scale. In electronic music, a cluster (theoretically) may even cover a continuous range of pitches, thus resulting in coloured noise, such as pink noise. Clusters can be notated in the context of ordinary staff notation by engraving simple geometrical shapes that replace ordinary notation of notes. Ordinary notes as musical events specify starting time and duration of pitches; however, the duration of a note is expressed by the shape of the note head rather than by the horizontal graphical extent of the note symbol. In contrast, the shape of a cluster geometrically describes the development of a range of pitches (vertical extent) over time (horizontal extent). Still, the geometrical shape of a cluster covers the area in wich any single pitch contained in the cluster would be notated as an ordinary note. From this point of view, it is reasonable to specify a cluster as the envelope of a set of notes. This is exactly how to construct a cluster with lilypond. \score { \context PianoStaff < \context Voice = voiceI { % same as voiceII, but with ordinary notes \notes \relative c' { c4 f4 a4 <e4 d'4> | \break < g8 a8 > < e8 a8 > a4 c1 < d4 b4 > e4 | c4 a4 f4 g4 a4 } } \context Voice = voiceII { % same as voiceI, but with cluster notation \notes \relative c' { % hide notes, accidentals, etc. \property Thread.NoteHead \set #'transparent = ##t \property Voice.Stem \set #'transparent = ##t \property Voice.Beam \set #'transparent = ##t \property Staff.Accidental \set #'transparent = ##t \property Voice.Cluster \set #'padding = #0.01 \property Voice.Cluster \set #'shape = #'ramp c4 f4 \startCluster a4 <e4 d'4> | \break < g8 a8 > < e8 a8 > a4 c1 < d4 b4 > e4 | c4 \stopCluster a4 f4 g4 a4 } } > } Note that the second voice differs from the first one only by the
additional keywords Also note that a music expression like By default, cluster engraver is in the voice context. This allows putting ordinary notes and clusters together in the same staff, even simultaneously. However, in such a case no attempt is made to automatically avoid collisions between ordinary notes and clusters. The geometrical shape can be further controlled with grob properties
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