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1.3.2 Curves
This section explains how to create various expressive marks that are curved: normal slurs, phrasing slurs, breath marks, falls, and doits.
Slurs | ||
Phrasing slurs | ||
Breath marks | ||
Falls and doits |
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Slurs
Slurs are entered using parentheses:
f4( g a) a8 b( a4 g2 f4) <c e>2( <b d>2)
Slurs may be manually placed above or below the notes, see Direction and placement.
c2( d) \slurDown c2( d) \slurNeutral c2( d)
Simultaneous or overlapping slurs are not permitted, but a phrasing slur can overlap a slur. This permits two slurs to be printed at once. For details, see Phrasing slurs.
Slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default slur style:
c4( e g2) \slurDashed g4( e c2) \slurDotted c4( e g2) \slurSolid g4( e c2)
Predefined commands
\slurUp
,
\slurDown
,
\slurNeutral
,
\slurDashed
,
\slurDotted
,
\slurSolid
.
Selected Snippets
Using double slurs for legato chords
Some composers write two slurs when they want legato chords. This can
be achieved by setting doubleSlurs
.
\relative c' { \set doubleSlurs = ##t <c e>4( <d f> <c e> <d f>) }
Positioning text markups inside slurs
Text markups need to have the outside-staff-priority
property
set to false in order to be printed inside slurs.
\relative c'' { \override TextScript #'avoid-slur = #'inside \override TextScript #'outside-staff-priority = ##f c2(^\markup { \halign #-10 \natural } d4.) c8 }
See also
Music Glossary: slur.
Learning Manual: On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties.
Notation Reference: Direction and placement, Phrasing slurs.
Snippets: Expressive marks.
Internals Reference: Slur.
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Phrasing slurs
Phrasing slurs (or phrasing marks) that indicate a
musical sentence are written using the commands \(
and
\)
respectively:
c4\( d( e) f( e2) d\)
Typographically, a phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a
normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects; a
\slurUp
will have no effect on a phrasing slur. Phrasing
slurs may be manually placed above or below the notes, see
Direction and placement.
c4\( g' c,( b) | c1\) \phrasingSlurUp c4\( g' c,( b) | c1\)
Simultaneous or overlapping phrasing slurs are not permitted.
Phrasing slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default style for phrasing slurs:
c4\( e g2\) \phrasingSlurDashed g4\( e c2\) \phrasingSlurDotted c4\( e g2\) \phrasingSlurSolid g4\( e c2\)
Predefined commands
\phrasingSlurUp
,
\phrasingSlurDown
,
\phrasingSlurNeutral
,
\phrasingSlurDashed
,
\phrasingSlurDotted
,
\phrasingSlurSolid
.
See also
Learning Manual: On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties.
Notation Reference: Direction and placement.
Snippets: Expressive marks.
Internals Reference: PhrasingSlur.
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Breath marks
Breath marks are entered using \breathe
:
c2. \breathe d4
Musical indicators for breath marks in ancient notation, divisiones, are supported. For details, see Divisiones.
Selected Snippets
Changing the breath mark symbol
The glyph of the breath mark can be tuned by overriding the text
property of the BreathingSign
layout object with any markup
text.
\relative c'' { c2 \override BreathingSign #'text = \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.rvarcomma" } \breathe d2 }
Inserting a caesura
Caesura marks can be created by overriding the 'text
property of the BreathingSign
object. A curved caesura
mark is also available.
\relative c'' { \override BreathingSign #'text = \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.caesura.straight" } c8 e4. \breathe g8. e16 c4 \override BreathingSign #'text = \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.caesura.curved" } g8 e'4. \breathe g8. e16 c4 }
See also
Music Glossary: caesura.
Notation Reference: Divisiones.
Snippets: Expressive marks.
Internals Reference: BreathingSign.
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Falls and doits
Falls and doits can be added to notes using
the \bendAfter
command. The direction of the fall or doit
is indicated with a plus or minus (up or down). The number
indicates the pitch interval that the fall or doit will extend
beyond the main note.
c2-\bendAfter #+4 c2-\bendAfter #-4 c2-\bendAfter #+8 c2-\bendAfter #-8
The dash -
immediately preceding the \bendAfter
command is required when writing falls and doits.
Selected Snippets
Adjusting the shape of falls and doits
The shortest-duration-space
property may have to be tweaked to
adjust the shape of falls and doits.
\relative c'' { \override Score.SpacingSpanner #'shortest-duration-space = #4.0 c2-\bendAfter #+5 c2-\bendAfter #-3 c2-\bendAfter #+8 c2-\bendAfter #-6 }
See also
Snippets: Expressive marks.
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