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2.6.1 Common notation for wind instruments
This section discusses some issues common to most wind instruments.
References for wind instruments | ||
Fingerings |
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References for wind instruments
Many notation issues for wind instruments pertain to breathing and tonguing:
- Breathing can be specified by rests or Breath marks.
- Legato playing is indicated by Slurs.
- Different types of tonguings, ranging from legato to non-legato to stacatto are usually shown by articulation marks, sometimes combined with slurs, see Articulations and ornamentations and List of articulations.
- Flutter tonguing is usually indicated by placing a tremolo mark and a text markup on the note. See Tremolo repeats.
There are also other aspects of musical notation that can apply to wind instruments:
- Many wind instruments are transposing intruments, see Instrument transpositions.
- The slide glissando are characteristic of the trombone, but other winds may perform keyed or valved glissandi. See Glissando.
- Harmonic series glissandi, which are possible on all brass instruments but common for French Horns, are usually written out as Grace notes.
- Pitch inflections at the end of a note are discussed in Falls and doits.
- Key slaps or valve slaps are often shown by the
cross
style of Special note heads. - Woodwinds can overblow low notes to sound harmonics. These are
shown by the
flageolet
articulation. See List of articulations. - The use of brass mutes is usually indicated by a text markup, but
where there are many rapid changes it is better to use the
stopped
andopen
articulations. See Articulations and ornamentations and List of articulations. - Stopped horns are indicated by the
stopped
articulation. See Articulations and ornamentations.
Selected Snippets
Changing \flageolet mark size
To make the \flageolet
circle smaller use the following Scheme
function.
smallFlageolet = #(let ((m (make-music 'ArticulationEvent 'articulation-type "flageolet"))) (ly:music-set-property! m 'tweaks (acons 'font-size -3 (ly:music-property m 'tweaks))) m) \layout { ragged-right = ##f } \relative c'' { d4^\flageolet_\markup { default size } d_\flageolet c4^\smallFlageolet_\markup { smaller } c_\smallFlageolet }
See also
Notation Reference: Breath marks, Slurs, Articulations and ornamentations, List of articulations, Tremolo repeats, Instrument transpositions, Glissando, Grace notes, Falls and doits, Special note heads,
Snippets: Winds
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Fingerings
All wind instruments other than the trombone require the use of several fingers to produce each pitch.
TBC
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