Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note
c4\ff
. The available dynamic marks are \ppp
,
\pp
, \p
, \mp
, \mf
, \f
, \ff
,
\fff
, \fff
, \fp
, \sf
, \sff
,
\sp
, \spp
, \sfz
, and \rfz
c\ppp c\pp c \p c\mp c\mf c\f c\ff c\fff c2\fp c\sf c\sff c\sp c\spp c\sfz c\rfz
A crescendo mark is started with \<
and terminated with
\!
. A decrescendo is started with \>
and also terminated
with \!
. Because these marks are bound to notes, you must
use spacer notes if multiple marks are needed during one note
c\< c\! d\> e\! << f1 { s4 s4\< s4\! \> s4\! } >>
This may give rise to very short hairpins. Use minimum-length
in
Voice (lilypond-internals)
.
Hairpin (lilypond-internals)
to lengthen them, for
example
\override Staff.Hairpin #'minimum-length = #5
You can also use a text saying cresc. instead of hairpins. Here is an example how to do it
\setTextCresc c\< d e f\! \setHairpinCresc e\> d c b\! \setTextDecresc c\> d e f\! \setTextDim e\> d c b\!
You can also supply your own texts
\set crescendoText = \markup { \italic "cresc. poco" } \set crescendoSpanner = #'dashed-line a'2\< a a a\!\mf
To create new dynamic marks or text that should be aligned with dynamics, see New dynamic marks.
\dynamicUp
,
\dynamicDown
,
\dynamicNeutral
.
Program reference: CrescendoEvent (lilypond-internals) , DecrescendoEvent (lilypond-internals) , and AbsoluteDynamicEvent (lilypond-internals) .
Dynamics are DynamicText (lilypond-internals) and Hairpin (lilypond-internals) objects. Vertical positioning of these symbols is handled by the DynamicLineSpanner (lilypond-internals) object.
This page is for LilyPond-2.5.11 (development-branch).