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Module Uunf

module Uunf: sig .. end
Unicode text normalization.

Uunf normalizes Unicode text. It supports all Unicode normalization forms. The module is independent from any IO mechanism or Unicode text data structure and it can process text without a complete in-memory representation of the data.

Consult the basics, limitations and examples of use.

Release 0.9.2 — Unicode version 6.3.0 — Daniel Bünzli <daniel.buenzl i@erratique.ch>

References



Characters


type uchar = int
The type for Unicode characters. A value of this type must be an Unicode scalar value which is an integer value in the ranges 0x0000...0xD7FF and 0xE000...0x10FFFF.
val is_scalar_value : int -> bool
is_scalar_value n is true iff n is an Unicode scalar value.

Normalize


type form = [ `NFC | `NFD | `NFKC | `NFKD ]
The type for normalization forms. 
type t
The type for Unicode text normalizers.
val create : [< form ] -> t
create nf is an Unicode text normalizer for the normal form nf.
val form : t -> form
form n is the normalization form of n.
val add : t ->
       [ `Await | `End | `Uchar of uchar ] -> [ `Await | `Uchar of uchar ]
add n v is:

For v use `Uchar u to add a new character to the sequence to normalize and `End to signal the end of sequence. After adding one of these two values, always call add with `Await until `Await is returned.

Raises. Invalid_argument if `Uchar or `End is added directly after an `Uchar was returned by the normalizer or if an `Uchar is added after `End was added.

Warning. add deals with Unicode scalar values. If you are handling foreign data you must assert that before with Uunf.is_scalar_value.

val reset : t -> unit
reset n resets the normalizer to a state equivalent to the state of Uunf.create (Uunf.form n).
val copy : t -> t
copy n is a copy of n in its current state. Subsequent Uunf.adds on n do not affect the copy.

Normalization properties

These properties are used internally to implement the normalizers. They are not needed to use the module but are exposed as they may be useful to implement other algorithms.

val unicode_version : string
unicode_version is the Unicode version supported by the module.
val ccc : uchar -> int
ccc u is u's canonical combining class value.
val decomp : uchar -> int array
decomp u is u's decomposition mapping. If the empty array is returned, u decomposes to itself.

The first number in the array contains additional information, it cannot be used as an Uunf.uchar. Use Uunf.d_uchar on the number to get the actual character and Uunf.d_compatibility to find out if this is a compatibility decomposition. All other characters of the array are guaranteed to be of type Uunf.uchar.

Warning. Do not mutate the array.

val d_uchar : int -> uchar
See Uunf.decomp.
val d_compatibility : int -> bool
See Uunf.decomp.
val composite : uchar -> uchar -> uchar option
composite u1 u2 is the primary composite canonically equivalent to the sequence <u1,u2>, if any.

Limitations

An Uunf normalizer consumes only a small bounded amount of memory on ordinary, meaningful text. However on legal but degenerate text like a starter followed by 10'000 combining non-spacing marks it will have to bufferize all the marks (a workaround is to first convert your input to stream-safe text format).

Basics

A normalizer is a stateful filter that inputs a sequence of characters and outputs an equivalent sequence in the requested normal form.

The function Uunf.create returns a new normalizer for a given normal form: 

let nfd = Uunf.create `NFD;;
To add characters to the sequence to normalize, call Uunf.add on nfd with `Uchar _. To end the sequence, call Uunf.add on nfd with `End. The normalized sequence of characters is returned, character by character, by the successive calls to Uunf.add.

The client and the normalizer must wait on each other to limit internal buffering: each time the client adds to the sequence by calling Uunf.add with `Uchar or `End it must continue to call Uunf.add with `Await until the normalizer returns `Await. In practice this leads to the following kind of control flow: 

let rec add acc v = match Uunf.add nfd v with

| `Uchar u -> add (u :: acc) `Await

| `Await -> acc
For example to normalize the character U+00E9 (é) with nfd to a list of characters we can write: 
let e_acute_nfd = List.rev (add (add [] (`Uchar 0x00E9)) `End)
The next section has more examples.

Examples

UTF-8 normalization

utf_8_normalize nf s is the UTF-8 encoded normal form nf of the UTF-8 encoded string s. This example uses Uutf to fold over the characters of s and to encode the normalized sequence in a standard OCaml buffer. 

let utf_8_normalize nf s = 

  let b = Buffer.create (String.length s * 3) in

  let n = Uunf.create nf in

  let rec add v = match Uunf.add n v with 

  | `Uchar u -> Uutf.Buffer.add_utf_8 b u; add `Await 

  | `Await -> ()

  in

  let add_uchar _ _ = function 

  | `Malformed _ -> add (`Uchar Uutf.u_rep) 

  | `Uchar _ as u -> add u

  in

  Uutf.String.fold_utf_8 add_uchar () s; add `End; Buffer.contents b